Transliteration:( Ud'oohum li aabaaa'ihim huwa aqsatu 'indal laah; fa illam ta'lamooo aabaaa'ahum fa ikhwaanukum fid deeni wa mawaaleekum; wa laisa 'alaikum junaahun feemaaa akhtaatum bihee wa laakim maa ta'ammadat quloobukum; wa kaanal laahu Ghafoorar Raheemaa )
8. From this we understand that Hazrat Isa (On whom be peace) did not have a father. Otherwise, he would not have been called as Isa, son of Mariam. Mariam is his mother. Says Allah Almighty: "Call them after their fathers" (S33:V5).
9. This means that if you don't know the fathers of the children, then, too, you should not call them as son of the patron, but rather as a brother, and if he is free, as MAULA (free slave) or "Oh our friend or Maula of so and so. Maula is used for a friend as well as for a freed slave and for a master.
10. This means prior to the command of prohibition your calling him Zaid ibn Muhammad, or if you utter such a thing erroneously, or if you call by error someone's son as your son, it should not be regarded as an act of sin.
11. This means that after its prohibition has been declared, if you intentionally continue to call unadopted children as the sons of their patrons, then you will be a sinner.
The tafsir of Surah Ahzab verse 5 by Ibn Kathir is unavailable here.
Please refer to Surah Ahzab ayat 4 which provides the complete commentary from verse 4 through 5.
(33:5) Call your adopted sons after their true fathers; that is more equitable in the sight of Allah.[8] But if you do not know their true fathers, then regard them as your brethren in faith and as allies.[9] You will not be taken to task for your mistaken utterances, but you will be taken to task for what you say deliberately.[10] Allah is Most Forgiving, Most Compassionate.[11]
8. The first reform introduced in connection with the implementation of this command was that Zaid, the adopted son of the Prophet (peace be upon him), began to be called Zaid bin Harithah, after his real father, instead of Zaid bin Muhammad. Bukhari, Muslim, Tirmidhi and Nasai have related this tradition from Abdullah bin Umar that in the beginning the people called him Zaid bin Muhammad. After the revelation of this verse they began calling him Zaid bin Harithah. Moreover, after this revelation it was forbidden that a person should assign his parentage to any other man than his own real father. Bukhari, Muslim and Abu Daud have related on the authority of Saad bin Abi Waqqas that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: “Paradise is forbidden for the one who called himself son of another person than his own father.” Other traditions bearing on the subject have been related in Ahadith, which have regarded this as a heinous sin.
9. That is, even in such a case it will not be right to ascribe the parentage of a person to someone else.
10. It means: there is no harm if a person is called a son out of love. Likewise, there is no sin if someone calls another one a mother, or a daughter, or sister or brother, etc. out of affection and regard, but if such a thing is said with the intention that the one being called so will be accorded the same status and position and rights and privileges as actually belong to these relations, it would certainly be objectionable and one will be held answerable for it.”
11. That is, Allah has forgiven the errors already committed in this regard; no one will be called to account for them. Another meaning is: Allah does not call a people to account for actions done unintentionally. He will not punish a person for doing something which he did not do intentionally, although apparently it resembled a forbidden act.
[1181]- Those children under your care.
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