Transliteration:( Wa qaatiloo fee sabeelillaahil lazeena yuqaatiloonakum wa laa ta'tadooo; innal laaha laa yuhibbul mu'tadeen )
433. By this verse it is meant those who are presently engaged in battle with you or those who are preparing for a battle, fight them. Thus, this verse is not abrogated but unshakable in its order i.e. the children, the aged, the retired priests, women etc. of the non-believers who have nothing to do with the battle, are not to be killed.
434. There are various ways of transgressing the limits e.g. to kill those who are prohibited from killing, to fight in breach of treaty, to fight against those non-believers without first inviting them to accept Islam, to kill those non-believers who have accepted to pay Jizyah (poll tax) etc. as Islam has prohibited all this.
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189. They ask you (O Muhammad) about the crescents. Say: “These are signs to mark fixed periods of time for mankind and for the pilgrimage.” It is not Al-Birr (piety, righteousness, etc.) that you enter the houses from the back, but Al-Birr is from Taqwa. So enter houses through their proper doors, and have Taqwa of Allah that you may be successful.
Al-`Awfi related that Ibn `Abbas said, “The people asked Allah’s Messenger about the crescent moons. Thereafter, this Ayah was revealed:
(They ask you (O Muhammad) about the crescents. Say, “These are signs to mark fixed periods of time for mankind…) so that they mark their acts of worship, the `Iddah (the period of time a divorced woman or a widow is required to wait before remarrying) of their women and the time of their Hajj (pilgrimage to Makkah).” `Abdur-Razzaq reported that Ibn `Umar narrated that Allah’s Messenger said:
(Allah has made the crescents signs to mark fixed periods of time for mankind. Hence, fast on seeing it (the crescent for Ramadan) and break the fast on seeing it (the crescent for Shawwal). If it (the crescent) was obscure to you then count thirty days (mark that month as thirty days).) WThis Hadith was also collected by Al-Hakim in his Mustadrak, and he said, “The chain is Sahih, and they (Al-Bukhari and Muslim) did not recorded it.”
Allah said:
(It is not Al-Birr (piety, righteousness, etc.) that you enter the houses from the back, but Al-Birr is from Taqwa. So enter houses through their proper doors.)
Al-Bukhari recorded that Al-Bara’ said, “During the time of Jahiliyyah, they used to enter the house from the back upon assuming the Ihram. Thereafter, Allah revealed (the following Ayah):
(It is not Al-Birr (piety, righteousness, etc.) that you enter the houses from the back but Al-Birr is from Taqwa. So enter houses through their proper doors.)
Abu Dawud At-Tayalisi recorded the same Hadith from Al-Bara’ but with the wording; “The Ansar used to enter their houses from the back when returning from a journey. Thereafter, this Ayah (2:189 above) was revealed…”
Al-Hasan said, “When some people during the time of Jahiliyyah would leave home to travel, and then decide not to travel, they would not enter the house from its door. Rather, they would climb over the back wall. Allah the Exalted said:
(It is not Al-Birr (piety, righteousness) that you enter the houses from the back,).”
Allah’s statement:
(…and have Taqwa of Allah that you may be successful.) Have Taqwa of Allah, means to do what He has commanded you and refrain from what He has forbidden for you,
(that you may be successful.) tomorrow when you stand before Him and He thus rewards you perfectly.
(2:190) Fight in the way of Allah[200] against those who fight against you but do not transgress,[201] for Allah does not love transgressors.
200. The believers are asked to fight those who hindered their efforts in the cause of God, and acted with hostility towards them merely because they sought to fashion human life according to the revealed guidance of God. Earlier, when they were weak and scattered, the Muslims were asked merely to preach and be patient with the wrongful repression meted out to them by their opponents. However, now that a small city state had been established in Madina they were commanded for the first time to unsheathe their swords against those who had resorted to armed hostility against their movement of reform. It was some time after this injunction that the Battle of Badr took place, to be followed by several other battles.
201. The believers are told that material interests should not be the motivation for their fighting, that they should not take up arms against those who were not in opposition to the true faith, that they should not resort to unscrupulous methods or to the indiscriminate killing and pillage which characterized the wars of the pre-Islamic era, the Age of Ignorance. The excesses alluded to in this verse are acts such as taking up arms against women and children, the old and the injured, mutilation of the dead bodies of the enemy, uncalled-for devastation through the destruction of fields and livestock, and other similar acts of injustice and brutality. In the Hadith all these acts have been prohibited. The real intent of the verse is to stress that force should be used only when its use is unavoidable, and only to the extent that is absolutely necessary.
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