Transliteration:( Fa atba'a sababaa )
"Then he followed a cause [195]."
The verse indicates that Dhul-Qarnayn set out on a purposeful journey, not merely for exploration but with intention and objective. The word “cause” here refers to a specific path or route chosen with a defined mission—be it establishing justice, defending the oppressed, or spreading divine guidance.
According to scholars, this cause may also imply that he was guided by divine knowledge in his travels, and he was well-equipped with means and resources for his expedition.
Thus, his movements were not random but were strategic and goal-oriented, reflecting the vision of a righteous and wise ruler.
85. So he followed a way. 86. Until, when he reached the setting place of the sun, he found it setting in a spring of Hami’ah. And he found near it a people. We said: “O Dhul-Qarnayn! Either you punish them or treat them with kindness.” 87. He said: “As for him who does wrong, we shall punish him, and then he will be brought back unto his Lord, Who will punish him with a terrible torment (Hell).” 88. “But as for him who believes and works righteousness, he shall have the best reward, and we shall speak unto him mild words.”
(So he followed a way.) Ibn `Abbas said that he followed different routes to achieve what he wanted.
(So he followed a way.) Mujahid said that he followed different routes, east and west. According to one report narrated from Mujahid, he said:
(a way) means, “A route through the land.” Qatadah said, “It means he followed the routes and landmarks of the earth.”
(Until, when he reached the setting place of the sun,) means, he followed a route until he reached the furthest point that could be reached in the direction of the sun’s setting, which is the west of the earth. As for the idea of his reaching the place in the sky where the sun sets, this is something impossible, and the tales told by storytellers that he traveled so far to the west that the sun set behind him are not true at all. Most of these stories come from the myths of the People of the Book and the fabrications and lies of their heretics.
(he found it setting in a spring of Hami’ah) meaning, he saw the sun as if it were setting in the ocean. This is something which everyone who goes to the coast can see: it looks as if the sun is setting into the sea but in fact it never leaves its path in which it is fixed. Hami’ah is, according to one of the two views, derived from the word Hama’ah, which means mud. This is like the Ayah:
(“I am going to create a man (Adam) from dried clay of altered Hama’h (mud)) ﴿15:28﴾, which means smooth mud, as we have discussed above.
(And he found near it a people.) meaning a nation. They mentioned that they were a great nation from among the sons of Adam.
(We (Allah) said (by inspiration): “O Dhul-Qarnayn! Either you punish them or treat them with kindness”) means, Allah gave him power over them and gave him the choice: if he wanted to, he could kill the men and take the women and children captive, or if he wanted to, he could set them free, with or without a ransom. His justice and faith became apparent in the ruling he pronounced:
(As for him who does wrong,) meaning who persists in his Kufr and in associating others in worship with his Lord,
(we shall punish him,) Qatadah said, i.e., by killing him.
(and then he will be brought back unto his Lord, Who will punish him with a terrible torment.) meaning a severe, far-reaching and painful punishment. This implies a confirmation of the Hereafter and the reward and punishment.
(But as for him who believes), meaning `who follows us in our call to worship Allah Alone with no partner or associate,’
(he shall have the best reward,) meaning in the Hereafter, with Allah.
(and we (Dhul-Qarnayn) shall speak unto him mild words.) Mujahid said, `(words of) kindness.’
(18:85) He set out (westwards) on an expedition,
There is no commentary by Abul Maududi available for this verse.
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