Transliteration:( Allazeena yajtaniboona kabaaa'iral ismi walfawaa hisha illal lamam; inna rabbaka waasi'ul maghfirah; huwa a'lamu bikum iz ansha akum minal ardi wa iz antum ajinnatun fee butooni umma haatikum falaa tuzakkooo anfusakum huwa a'lamu bimanit taqaa )
38. Major sins are those whose punishment has been laid down by Islamic law (Shariah) whether for this world or in the Hereafter. In addition, committing a minor sin continuously becomes a major sin. From this verse we learn that if a person abstains from committing major sins, then Allah Almighty will forgive his minor sins.
39. It should be remembered that every lewd act is sin, but every sin is not lewd. Shameful sin is that which is regarded as evil by human intelligence and experiences shame from it, e.g. stealing, adultery, etc. Some scholars have stated that a shameful act is that sin for which the Islamic law has set a fixed limit.
40. This standing should be due to the fear of Allah Almighty for which there is a lofty status. Says Allah Almighty: "But for him who fears to stand before his Lord, there are two Paradises" (S55:V46).
41. This verse was revealed concerning those people who expressed arrogance at their good deeds and would proudly say that our prayers (Salaah) are so great, our fasts are of such excellence and we are such great people.
42. This means how do you know at this point in time what your end would be, and in which list is your name; in that of the inmates of Hell or the inmates of Paradise. Therefore, why are you blowing on your own trumpet?
43. It is sufficient to have knowledge of this. Therefore why are you proclaiming the verdict of your purity? True taste is acquired by that person who says; "I am a sinner" and Allah Almighty will say that he is a pious person, e.g. Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddiq (May Allah be pleased with him).
The tafsir of Surah Tur verse 32 by Ibn Kathir is unavailable here.
Please refer to Surah Tur ayat 31 which provides the complete commentary from verse 31 through 32.
(53:32) on those who avoid grave sins[30] and shameful deeds,[31] even if they may sometimes stumble into lesser offences.[32] Surely your Lord is abounding in His Forgiveness.[33] Very well is He aware of you since He produced you from the earth, and while you were still in your mothers’ wombs and not yet born. So do not boastfully claim yourselves to be purified. He fully knows those that are truly Godfearing.
30. For explanation, see( E.N. 53 of Surah An-Nisa).
31. For explanation, see (E.N. 130 of Surah Al-Anaam) and (E.N. 89 of Surah An-Nahl).
32. The word lamam as found in the original is used for a small quantity of something, or its slight effect, or its mere closeness, or its existence for a short time. This word is used to express the sense that a person did not commit an act but was very near to committing it.
On the basis of its usages some commentators have taken the word lamam in the meaning of minor sins. Some others have taken it in the meaning that a person should practically reach very near a grave sin but should desist from actually committing it. Still others take it in the sense of a person’s remaining involved in a sin temporarily and then desisting from it. And according to some it implies that a person should think of, or wish, or intend to commit a sin but should rake no practical steps towards it. In this regard, the views of the companions and their immediate followers are as follows:
Zaid bin Aslam and Ibn Zaid opine, and a saying of Abdullah bin Abbas is also to the same effect, that it signifies those sins which the people had committed in the pre-Islamic days of ignorance, then after embracing Islam they refrained from them.
Another view of Ibn Abbas is, and the same is also the view of Abu Hurairah, Abdullah bin Amr bin Aas, Mujahid, Hasan Basri and Abu Salih, that it implies a person’s being involved in a grave sin or indecency temporarily, or occasionally, and then giving it up.
Abdullah bin Masud, Masruq and Shabi say, and the same has also been reported from Abu Hurairah and Abdullah bin Abbas in authentic traditions, that this implies a person’s approaching the very point of a grave sin and crossing all its preliminaries but then restraining himself at the final stage, e.g. a person goes out with the intention of stealing but refrains from it in the end, or has close association with other women, but refrains from committing adultery.
Abdullah bin Zubair, Ikrimah, Qatadah and Dahhak say that this signifies those minor sins for which no punishment has been prescribed in the world nor any threat of punishment held out in the Hereafter.
Saeed bin al-Musayyab says that this implies one’s thinking of a sin in the mind but restraining himself from committing it practically.
These are the different explanations which have been reported in the traditions from the companions and their immediate followers. The majority of the later commentators and doctors of law and jurists are of the opinion that this verse and verse 31 of Surah An-Nisa classify sins into two main kinds: the major sins and the minor sins, and these two verses give man the hope that if he abstains from the major sins and open indecencies, Allah will overlook his minor errors. Although some distinguished scholars have also opined that no sin is minor and the disobedience of Allah is by itself a major sin, yet as stated by Imam Ghazali the distinction between the major and the minor sins is something which cannot be denied, for the sources of knowledge of the Shariah values and injunctions all point to this.
As for the question, what is the distinction between the major and the minor sins, and what kinds of sins are major and what kinds of them minor? we are satisfied that: Every such act is a major sin which has been forbidden by a clear ordinance of the divine Book and the Shariah of the Prophet (peace be upon him), or for which Allah and His Messenger (peace be upon him) have prescribed a punishment in the world, or have held out a threat of punishment in the Hereafter, or have cursed the one guilty of committing it, or given the news of infliction of punishment on those guilty of committing it. Apart from this class of sins all other acts which are disapproved by the Shariah, come under the definition of minor sins. Likewise, the mere desire for a major sin, or an intention to commit it, is also not a major sin but a minor sin; so much so that even crossing all the preliminaries of a major sin does not constitute a major sin unless one has actually committed it. However, even a minor sin becomes a major sin in case it is committed with a feeling of contempt for religion and of arrogance against Allah, and the one guilty of it does not consider the Shariah that has declared it an evil worthy of any attention and reverence.
33. That is, the forgiveness for the one guilty of minor sins is not for the reason that a minor sin is no sin, but for the reason that Allah Almighty does not treat His servants narrow-mindedly and does not seize them on trifling faults; if the servants adopt piety and abstain from major sins and indecencies, He will not seize them for their minor errors and will forgive them magnanimously on account of His infinite mercy.
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