Transliteration:( Am lahum naseebum minal mulki fa izal laa yu'toonan naasa naqeeraa )
188.Reason for its Revelation:
The Yahud who arrogantly claim that they are the rightful claimants to prophethood and government because we are children of Israel.
Therefore, how can we accept the obedience of the Holy Prophet ? and the Arabs. This verse was revealed to refute the Jewish claim.
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53. Or have they a share in the dominion Then in that case they would not give mankind even a Naqir. 54. Or do they envy men for what Allah has given them of His bounty Then, We have already given the family of Ibrahim the Book and Al-Hikmah, and conferred upon them a great kingdom. 55. Of them were (some) who believed in it, and of them were (some) who rejected it; and enough is Hell for burning (them).
Allah asked the Jews if they have a share in the dominion. That is merely a statement of rebuke, since they do not have any share in the dominion. Allah then described them as misers,
(Then in that case they would not give mankind even a Naqir.) Meaning, if they had a share in the sovereignty and dominion, they would not give anyone anything, especially Muhammad , even if it was the speck on the back of a date-stone, which is the meaning of Naqir according to Ibn `Abbas and the majority of the scholars. This Ayah is similar to another of Allah’s statements,
(Say: “If you possessed the treasure of the mercy of my Lord, then you would surely withold it out of fear of spending it.) meaning, for fear that what you have might end, although there is no such possibility here. This only demonstrates their greedy and stingy nature. This is why Allah said,
(And man is ever Qatur) meaning Bakhil (stingy). Allah then said,
(Or do they envy men for what Allah has given them of His Bounty) referring to their envy of the Prophet for the great prophethood that Allah entrusted him with. Their envy made them reject him, because he was an Arab and not from the Children of Israel. At-Tabarani recorded that Ibn `Abbas said that,
(Or do they envy men) means, “We are the worthy people, rather than the rest of the people.” Allah said,
(Then, We have already given the family of Ibrahim the Book and Al-Hikmah, and conferred upon them a great kingdom.) meaning, We gave the prophethood to the tribes of the Children of Israel, who are among the offspring of Ibrahim and sent down the Books to them. These Prophets ruled the Jews with the prophetic tradition, and We made kings among them. Yet,
(Of them were (some) who believed in it;) referring to Allah’s favor and bounty (Prophets, Books, kingship),
(and of them were (some) who rejected it) by disbelieving in it, ignoring it, and hindering the people from its path, although this bounty was from and for them, the Children of Israel. They disputed with their own Prophets; so what about you, O Muhammad , especially since you are not from the Children of Israel Mujahid said,
(Of them were (some) who believed in ﴿him﴾,) “Muhammad ,
(and of them were (some) who rejected ﴿him﴾.)” Therefore, O Muhammad, the rejection of you because of their disbelief is even more severe and they are even further from the truth that you brought them. This is why Allah threatened them,
(and enough is Hell for burning (them).), meaning, the Fire is a just punishment for them because of their disbelief, rebellion and defiance of Allah’s Books and Messengers.
(4:53) Have they any share in the dominion (of Allah)? Had that been so, they would never have granted people even as much as the speck on a date-stone.[84]
84. The Jews, who had judged the Muslims to be in error, are asked if they have some share in God’s authority which entitles them to judge who is rightly guided and who is not. If the Jews really had any share in that authority, no one would receive so much as a penny from them, for their hearts are too small to even acknowledge the truth, let alone credit others with righteousness and goodness. This verse can also be understood somewhat differently so as to pose the following question to the Jews: ‘Is it a matter of your possessing some dominion which you are reluctant to share with others?’ Obviously, the question was merely one of acknowledging the Truth, and they were too grudging to credit others with it.
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