Transliteration:( Alam tara ilal lazeena yaz'umoona annahum amanoo bimaa unzilaa ilaika wa maaa unzila min qablika yureedoona ai yatahaakamooo ilat Taaghooti wa qad umirooo ai yakfuroo bihi, wa yureedush Shaitaanu ai yudillahum dalaalam ba'eedaa )
Bashar, the hypocrite, once had a quarrel with a Jew. The Jew asked for the matter to be decided by the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him), but the hypocrite wanted them to go to Ka'b bin Ashraf for his decision. The Jew refused to accept Ka'b bin Ashraf as an arbiter and presented his case to the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him), who ruled in favor of the Jew.
Bashar the hypocrite was not prepared to accept this decision. They both then went with their case to Hazrat Umar (may Allah be pleased with him). There, the Jew informed Hazrat Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) had already decided this case in his favor, but Bashar was unwilling to accept this decision and thus brought him to you.
Hazrat Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) immediately beheaded the hypocrite, saying that whoever is not happy with the decision of the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) deserves death. It was at that moment that this verse was revealed.
From this incident, a few issues emerge:
Hypocrites are worse than open infidels.
There can be no appeal against the Holy Prophet's (peace be upon him) decision. His ruling is equivalent to Allah Almighty's ruling.
Displeasure with the command of the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) is an act of infidelity. Such a person is considered an apostate and deserving of death because, although outwardly a Muslim, the day he showed disregard for the Holy Prophet's decision, he became an apostate and was killed by Hazrat Umar (may Allah be pleased with him).
In matters of justice, there should be no distinction between relatives and strangers. Although the hypocrite was outwardly a Muslim, the decision favored the Jew.
The leaders of infidels are like human devils, as Ka'b bin Ashraf is referred to as a devil in the Quran.
From this, we learn that willingly appointing infidels to positions of leadership and accepting their principles with joy is a serious crime, although it may be forgiven if done under compulsion.
60. Have you not seen those (hyprocrites) who claim that they believe in that which has been sent down to you, and that which was sent down before you, and they wish to go for judgment (in their disputes) to the Taghut while they have been ordered to reject them. But Shaytan wishes to lead them far astray. 61. And when it is said to them: “Come to what Allah has sent down and to the Messenger,” you see the hypocrites turn away from you with aversion. 62. How then, when a catastrophe befalls them because of what their hands have sent forth, they come to you swearing by Allah, “We meant no more than goodwill and conciliation!” 63. They (hypocrites) are those of whom Allah knows what is in their hearts; so turn aside from them (do not punish them) but admonish them, and speak to them an effective word to reach their inner selves.
Allah chastises those who claim to believe in what Allah has sent down to His Messenger and to the earlier Prophets, yet they refer to other than the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of His Messenger for judgment in various disputes. It was reported that the reason behind revealing this Ayah was that a man from the Ansar and a Jew had a dispute, and the Jew said, “Let us refer to Muhammad to judge between us.” However, the Muslim man said, “Let us refer to Ka`b bin Al-Ashraf (a Jew) to judge between us.” It was also reported that the Ayah was revealed about some hypocrites who pretended to be Muslims, yet they sought to refer to the judgment of Jahiliyyah. Other reasons were also reported behind the revelation of the Ayah. However, the Ayah has a general meaning, as it chastises all those who refrain from referring to the Qur’an and Sunnah for judgment and prefer the judgment of whatever they chose of falsehood, which befits the description of Taghut here. This is why Allah said,
(and they wish to go for judgment to the Taghut) until the end of the Ayah. Allah’s statement,
(turn away from you with aversion) means, they turn away from you in arrogance, just as Allah described the polytheists,
(When it is said to them: “Follow what Allah has sent down.” They say: “Nay! We shall follow what we found our fathers following.”) This is different from the conduct of the faithful believers, whom Allah describes as,
(The only saying of the faithful believers, when they are called to Allah and His Messenger, to judge between them, is that they say: “We hear and we obey.”)
Chastising the hypocrites, Allah said,
(How then, when a catastrophe befalls them because of what their hands have sent forth,) meaning, how about it if they feel compelled to join you because of disasters that they suffer due to their sins, then they will be in need of you.
(They come to you swearing by Allah, “We meant no more than goodwill and conciliation!”) apologizing and swearing that they only sought goodwill and reconciliation when they referred to other than the Prophet for judgment, not that they believe in such alternative judgment, as they claim. Allah describes these people to us further in His statement,
(And you see those in whose hearts there is a disease (of hypocrisy), they hurry to their friendship, saying: “We fear”), until,
(Then they will become regretful for what they have been keeping as a secret in themselves). At-Tabarani recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, “Abu Barzah Al-Aslami used to be a soothsayer who judged between the Jews in their disputes. When some Muslims came to him to judge between them, Allah sent down,
(Have you not seen those (hyprocrites) who claim that they believe in that which has been sent down to you, and that which was sent down before you), until,
(“We meant no more than goodwill and conciliation!”) Allah then said,
(They (hypocrites) are those of whom Allah knows what is in their hearts;) These people are hypocrites, and Allah knows what is in their hearts and will punish them accordingly, for nothing escapes Allah’s watch. Consequently, O Muhammad! Let Allah be sufficient for you in this regard, because He has perfect knowledge of their apparent and hidden affairs. This is why Allah said,
(so turn aside from them (do not punish them)) meaning, do not punish them because of what is in their hearts.
(but admonish them) means, advise them against the hypocrisy and evil that reside in their hearts,
(and speak to them an effective word to reach their inner selves) advise them, between you and them, using effective words that might benefit them.
(4:60) (O Messenger!) Have you not seen those who claim to believe in the Book which has been revealed to you and in the Books revealed before you, and yet desire to submit their disputes to the judgement of taghut (the Satanic authorities who decide independently of the Law of Allah), whereas they had been asked to reject it.[91] And Satan seeks to make them drift far away from the right way.
91. Taghut clearly signifies here a sovereign who judges things according to criteria other than the law of God. It also stands for a legal and judicial system which acknowledges neither the sovereignty of God nor the paramount authority of the Book of God. This verse categorically proclaims that to refer disputes to the judgement of a court of law which is essentially taghut contravenes the dictates of a believer’s faith. In fact, true faith in God and His Book necessarily requires that a man should refuse to recognize the legitimacy of such courts. According to the Qur’an, belief in God necessitates repudiation of the authority of taghut. To try to submit both to God and to taghut at the same time is hypocrisy.
[195]- False objects of worship or those transgressors who usurp the divine right of government.
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