Transliteration:( Kaifa yakoonu lilmush rikeena 'ahdun 'indallaahi wa 'inda Rasoolihee illal lazeena 'aahattum 'indal Masjidil Haraami famas taqaamoo lakum fastaqeemoo lahum; innallaaha yuhibbul muttaqeen )
"How can there be any covenant [15] for the polytheists with Allah and His Messenger, except for those with whom you made a covenant [16] near the Sacred Mosque? Then as long as they remain upright for you, you should also remain upright for them [17]. Indeed, Allah loves the righteous [18]."
This verse begins with a rhetorical question, rejecting the idea of maintaining treaties with polytheists who had repeatedly violated their agreements. It affirms that Muslims are not bound to uphold agreements with those who show persistent disloyalty. From this, the legal principle emerges: if a party breaks a covenant, Muslims are no longer obliged to uphold it.
An exception is made for those polytheists who remained true to their covenants, such as Banu Hamzah, with whom the Muslims had entered into a peace agreement near the Sacred Mosque, likely referring to the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah. These groups are not to be harmed, and their treaty must be honored until it expires—so long as they honor it themselves.
The verse clearly instructs: if the other party remains loyal, Muslims must fulfill their side of the treaty with full integrity. However, if the covenant is broken, Muslims are permitted to respond appropriately, including engaging in defensive war if necessary.
This closing portion highlights an important moral lesson: piety includes both worship of Allah and faithfulness to human commitments. A Muslim who breaks a covenant, even with a non-believer, is not among the righteous. Just as a bird requires two wings to fly, true piety demands both spiritual devotion and ethical conduct.
7. How can there be a covenant with Allah and with His Messenger for the Mushrikin except those with whom you made a covenant near Al-Masjid Al-Haram (at Makkah) So long as they are true to you, stand you true to them. Verily, Allah loves those who have Taqwa.
Allah mentions the wisdom in dissolving all obligations to the idolators and giving them a four month period of safety, after which they will meet the sharp sword wherever they are found,
(How can there be a covenant for the Mushrikin), a safe resort and refuge, while they persist in Shirk with Allah, and disbelief in Him and His Messenger,
(except those with whom you made a covenant near Al-Masjid Al-Haram), on the day of Hudaybiyyah. Allah said in another Ayah ﴿concerning the day of Hudaybiyyah﴾,
(They are the ones who disbelieved and hindered you from Al-Masjid Al-Haram and detained the sacrificial animals, from reaching their place of sacrifice.) ﴿48:25﴾ Allah said next,
(So long as they are true to you, stand you true to them.), if they keep the terms of the treaties you conducted with them, including peace between you and them for ten years,
(then stand you true to them. Verily, Allah loves those who have Taqwa.) The Messenger of Allah and the Muslims preserved the terms of the treaty with the people of Makkah from the month of Dhul-Qa`dah in the sixth year ﴿of Hijrah﴾, until the Quraysh broke it and helped their allies, Banu Bakr, against Khuza`ah, the allies of Allah’s Messenger . Aided by the Quraysh, Banu Bakr killed some of Bani Khuza`ah in the Sacred Area! The Messenger of Allah led an invasion army in the month of Ramadan, of the eighth year, and Allah opened the Sacred Area for him to rule over them, all thanks are due to Allah. The Messenger of Allah freed the Quraysh who embraced Islam after they were overpowered and defeated. These numbered around two thousands, and they were refered to by the name `Tulaqa’ afterwards. Those among them who remained in disbelief and ran away from Allah’s Messenger were sent promises of safe refuge for four months, during which they were allowed to move about freely. They included Safwan bin Umayyah, `Ikrimah bin Abi Jahl and many others. Allah later on guided them to Islam, and they became excellent believers. Surely, Allah is worthy of all praise for all His actions and decrees.
(9:7) How can there be a covenant with those who associate others with Allah in His Divinity be binding upon Allah and His Messenger, excepting those with whom you made a covenant near the Sacred Mosque?[9] Behave in a straight manner with them so long as they behave with you in a straight manner for Allah loves the Godfearing.
9. That is: Bani Kinanah and Bani Khuzaah and Bani Damrah.
[465]- i.e., maintain the terms of the treaty.
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